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The German Imperial Army in the World War - Structure and Organization - Machine Gun Companies/ - Detachments

Operation of a machine gun (Model 1908) in field-gray uniform. An infantryman is wearing a replacement helmet. Undated original photographic postcard.
Operation of a machine gun (Model 1908) in field-gray uniform. An infantryman is wearing a replacement helmet. Undated original photographic postcard.

At the outbreak of the war the German Army had 360 machine-gun companies/detachments; by the end of 1915 there were already 450. In addition, at that time there were 80 machine-gun platoons with the cavalry. The number of machine guns was, however, continuously increased. In the autumn of 1916 it was ordered that henceforth each infantry battalion was to have 1 and each Jäger and storm (assault) battalion 2 machine-gun companies. At the same time additional machine-gun sharpshooter detachments (each of 3 companies) were formed.

Operation of a machine gun (Model 1908/15) from Infantry Regiment “Herwarth von Bittenfeld” (1st Westphalian) No. 13 in field-gray uniform in a simplified tunic. Photographic postcard dated 18.03.1917. Sent on 19.03.1917 (Sennelager).
Operation of a machine gun (Model 1908/15) from Infantry Regiment “Herwarth von Bittenfeld” (1st Westphalian) No. 13 in field-gray uniform in a simplified tunic. Photographic postcard dated 18.03.1917. Sent on 19.03.1917 (Sennelager).
Members of the 2nd Replacement MG Company. Original photographic postcard located: Liège. Dated: 1917.
Members of the 2nd Replacement MG Company. Original photographic postcard located: Liège. Dated: 1917.
Machine-gun training at the troop training area Camp Lechfeld. Photographer: F. W. Putsch. Original photographic postcard sent on 25.06.1918.
Machine-gun training at the troop training area Camp Lechfeld. Photographer: F. W. Putsch. Original photographic postcard sent on 25.06.1918.
13-member crew of a heavy MG. Undated original photographic postcard.
13-member crew of a heavy MG. Undated original photographic postcard.
Operation of a machine gun at the front. Also visible are the ammunition box carriers. Original photo, not dated.
Operation of a machine gun at the front. Also visible are the ammunition box carriers. Original photo, not dated.
Loading of machine-gun belts. Original photographic postcard from the year 1918.
Loading of machine-gun belts. Original photographic postcard from the year 1918.

From the beginning of 1916 MG sharpshooter teams were formed, which from September of that year were assembled into detachments. In total there were 83, including 4 Bavarian detachments.

Member of an MG sharpshooter detachment in field-marshal-style kit. Undated original photographic postcard. Circa 1916.
Member of an MG sharpshooter detachment in field-marshal-style kit. Undated original photographic postcard. Circa 1916.

The MG sharpshooters wore on the left upper sleeve the special metal badge of the MG sharpshooters introduced in 1916. The sleeve badge showed a gilt-metal MG 08 in an oval MG belt, placed on field-gray cloth.

MG sharpshooter in tunic with puttees and lace-up shoes. Original photographic postcard. Dated on the reverse: 23.01.1917.
MG sharpshooter in tunic with puttees and lace-up shoes. Original photographic postcard. Dated on the reverse: 23.01.1917.
MG gunner in greatcoat with a carrying strap. Original photographic postcard circa 1915.
MG gunner in greatcoat with a carrying strap. Original photographic postcard circa 1915.
Member of an MG sharpshooter detachment in tunic with a collar patch. Original photo circa 1916. The aforementioned special sleeve badge of these units can be clearly seen.
Member of an MG sharpshooter detachment in tunic with a collar patch. Original photo circa 1916. The aforementioned special sleeve badge of these units can be clearly seen.
Photo of members of an MG detachment (No. 247) before departure for the Oriental theatre of war. Original photo, dated: 06.09.1916. The soldiers wear the special helmet with the unit number displayed on the front.
Photo of members of an MG detachment (No. 247) before departure for the Oriental theatre of war. Original photo, dated: 06.09.1916. The soldiers wear the special helmet with the unit number displayed on the front.

In 1918 there were a total of 2,300 machine-gun companies (= 27,600 machine guns). According to other sources the stock of machine guns at the end of the war amounted to about 100,000. Above all, the machine gun, by virtue of its enormous devastating effect, had forced the combatants to dig in and thus caused the fronts to stalemate. The cavalry had to dismount and the automatic machine gun thereafter dominated the battlefield.

Deployment of a machine gun in the trench. Original, undated photo.
Deployment of a machine gun in the trench. Original, undated photo.
Operation of a machine gun in hilly terrain. The corresponding carrying strap is clearly visible. Undated original photo.
Operation of a machine gun in hilly terrain. The corresponding carrying strap is clearly visible. Undated original photo.
Men of Landwehr Regiment No. 13 with MG. Original photographic postcard from the year 1918.
Men of Landwehr Regiment No. 13 with MG. Original photographic postcard from the year 1918.
Machine gun on the Western Front in a forward position. Undated original photographic postcard. Circa 1916/17.
Machine gun on the Western Front in a forward position. Undated original photographic postcard. Circa 1916/17.
Transport of a disassembled MG on a mule. The protective shield is clearly visible. The soldiers (including two non-commissioned officers) are armed only with pistols. Original photo possibly in the Alpine region or in the Caucasus. Circa 1915.
Transport of a disassembled MG on a mule. The protective shield is clearly visible. The soldiers (including two non-commissioned officers) are armed only with pistols. Original photo possibly in the Alpine region or in the Caucasus. Circa 1915.
March past (parade) of a machine-gun company. Original photographic postcard. 1918.
March past (parade) of a machine-gun company. Original photographic postcard. 1918.

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In peacetime, medical and nursing care was the responsibility of the medical officers, who were supported by orderlies. To prevent contagious diseases as far as possible, the living quarters in the barracks had to be inspected regularly, as did the drinking water and the food supplies. The troops were to be examined for their fitness before the start of longer marches – e.g., during maneuvers. The barracks had regimental sickrooms, and there were military hospitals in the garrisons. Convalescent homes were established for non-commissioned officers and enlisted men in the various army corps. Wartime brought different conditions, yet the medical service of the German army was comparatively advanced. From 1914–18 comparatively few German soldiers fell victim to epidemics; in the war it is said that 21 German soldiers died of smallpox, 11723 of typhus, 8646 of dysentery, 1693 of cholera, 452 of malaria, 999 of influenza, and 1345 of typhus exanthematicus (spotted fever).