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The Uniforms of the Infantry of the German Imperial Army - 1871 – 1914. Part VI - Hesse

The first part of this series deals generally with the uniforms of the Prussian infantry - 1842 – 1914.

The second part focuses on the distinctive features of the uniforms of the Guard and line grenadier regiments (No. 1 - 12).

The third part is dedicated to the Prussian line infantry regiments (musketier/fusilier regiments).

In further parts the particularities of those units are treated which were incorporated into the Prussian army (after 1866) or which, through special uniform features, referred back to certain (non-Prussian) traditions (as here Hesse).

Additional contributions present the Saxon, Württemberg and Bavarian infantry, which, in peacetime, belonged to relatively autonomous contingents.

The series concludes with articles on the Jäger and Schützen and on the machine-gun detachments formed from 1901.

Inventory of Hessian infantry in the year 1914. Taken from Friedag, Führer durch Heer und Flotte. 11th year. 1914 (reprint Krefeld 1974).
Inventory of Hessian infantry in the year 1914. Taken from Friedag, Führer durch Heer und Flotte. 11th year. 1914 (reprint Krefeld 1974).
Members of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) on the shooting range with a non-commissioned officer in a dark greatcoat. Original photographic card.
Members of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) on the shooting range with a non-commissioned officer in a dark greatcoat. Original photographic card.

The Hessian troop contingent was regarded as an autonomous component of the Prussian army. It had been incorporated into the Prussian army by convention of 13.06.1871. The Grand Duchy of Hesse provided the infantry regiments No. 115-118 and 168 (XVIII Army Corps).

Studio photo of members (non-commissioned officers) of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Photo before 1889. Center: staff officer in the overcoat.
Studio photo of members (non-commissioned officers) of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Photo before 1889. Center: staff officer in the overcoat.
Member of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Colored KAB: Photographer: H. Schramm/ Darmstadt.
Member of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Colored KAB: Photographer: H. Schramm/ Darmstadt.
Two Hessian infantrymen. Left: grenadier from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original KAB from 1902. Photographer: Wolff/ Darmstadt.
Two Hessian infantrymen. Left: grenadier from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original KAB from 1902. Photographer: Wolff/ Darmstadt.

Notes on the above photo.

The guard formation was distinguished by white linen braids (silver for non-commissioned officers) with "Kapellen", namely on each side of the square tunic collar a single braid for non-commissioned officers and a double braid for other ranks, as well as three horizontal braids on each sleeve flap.

Member of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original KAB. Photographer: H. Umbreit/ Darmstadt.
Member of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original KAB. Photographer: H. Umbreit/ Darmstadt.
One-year volunteer from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original KAB. Photographer: Carl Backofen/ Darmstadt. Around 1905.
One-year volunteer from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original KAB. Photographer: Carl Backofen/ Darmstadt. Around 1905.
One-year volunteer from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original cdv. Photographer: Pöllot`s descendants/ Darmstadt. Dated on the reverse: 1903.
One-year volunteer from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original cdv. Photographer: Pöllot`s descendants/ Darmstadt. Dated on the reverse: 1903.

On the helmet the imperial cockade was worn on the right and the Hessian cockade on the left. The latter was white with a red ring.

Grenadier from the regiment as above in parade uniform. Original cdv. Photographer: Hans Schramm/ Darmstadt. A black horsehair plume belonged to the helmet for parades.
Grenadier from the regiment as above in parade uniform. Original cdv. Photographer: Hans Schramm/ Darmstadt. A black horsehair plume belonged to the helmet for parades.
Grenadier from the regiment as above with helmet. Original cdv. Atelier Alter/ Darmstadt.
Grenadier from the regiment as above with helmet. Original cdv. Atelier Alter/ Darmstadt.
Grenadier (one-year volunteer) from the regiment as above in greatcoat. Original cdv.
Grenadier (one-year volunteer) from the regiment as above in greatcoat. Original cdv.
Grenadier (one-year volunteer) from the regiment as above with slung greatcoat. Original KAB.
Grenadier (one-year volunteer) from the regiment as above with slung greatcoat. Original KAB.
Grenadier from the regiment as above with slung greatcoat. Original KAB. Darmstadt.
Grenadier from the regiment as above with slung greatcoat. Original KAB. Darmstadt.
One-year volunteer as non-commissioned officer from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) in greatcoat. Original KAB. Photographer: Pöllot`s descendants/ Darmstadt.
One-year volunteer as non-commissioned officer from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) in greatcoat. Original KAB. Photographer: Pöllot`s descendants/ Darmstadt.
Studio photo of a member (non-commissioned officer) of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original cdv.
Studio photo of a member (non-commissioned officer) of the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original cdv.
Vice-sergeant (Vizefeldwebel) from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) with bride (Georg and Gleiser). Original KAB: Photographer: Heinrich Umbreit/ Darmstadt.
Vice-sergeant (Vizefeldwebel) from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) with bride (Georg and Gleiser). Original KAB: Photographer: Heinrich Umbreit/ Darmstadt.
One-year volunteer from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) in dress uniform with a private peaked cap. Original cdv. Photographer: Osh. Ensslinger/ Darmstadt. The unit name on the shoulder strap is clearly visible.
One-year volunteer from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) in dress uniform with a private peaked cap. Original cdv. Photographer: Osh. Ensslinger/ Darmstadt. The unit name on the shoulder strap is clearly visible.
Vice-sergeant from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). The non-commissioned officer carries a Hessian model saber with a brass basket in Austrian style.
Vice-sergeant from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). The non-commissioned officer carries a Hessian model saber with a brass basket in Austrian style.
One-year volunteer from the Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 116 (Gießen). Original cdv. Photographer: Zimmer/ Giessen.
One-year volunteer from the Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 116 (Gießen). Original cdv. Photographer: Zimmer/ Giessen.
Non-commissioned officer from the Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 116 (Gießen). Original cdv. Giessen.
Non-commissioned officer from the Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 116 (Gießen). Original cdv. Giessen.

Notes on the above photo.

The special Hessian helmet plate is clearly visible on the helmet. It shows the yellow Hessian lion surrounded by laurel and oak leaves.

One-year volunteers of the Hessian infantry during a marching break. Original photographic card.
One-year volunteers of the Hessian infantry during a marching break. Original photographic card.
Hessian infantrymen wearing greatcoats in field-march order with parade helmets. Large-format photo in front of barracks.
Hessian infantrymen wearing greatcoats in field-march order with parade helmets. Large-format photo in front of barracks.
Members of the 5th Grand Ducal Hessian Infantry Regiment No. 168 (Offenbach/ Butzbach/ Friedberg/ Hesse) at a maneuver of the Grand Ducal Hessian (25th) Division in 1908. The helmets are covered by covers bearing the regiment number. Photographer: Ernst Binel/ Bad Hersfeld.
Members of the 5th Grand Ducal Hessian Infantry Regiment No. 168 (Offenbach/ Butzbach/ Friedberg/ Hesse) at a maneuver of the Grand Ducal Hessian (25th) Division in 1908. The helmets are covered by covers bearing the regiment number. Photographer: Ernst Binel/ Bad Hersfeld.
Non-commissioned officer (one-year volunteer) from IR 115. Original KAB. Darmstadt.
Non-commissioned officer (one-year volunteer) from IR 115. Original KAB. Darmstadt.
Non-commissioned officer with bride from IR 118. Original KAB.
Non-commissioned officer with bride from IR 118. Original KAB.
Officer (lieutenant) in parade uniform with sash. Original KAB.
Officer (lieutenant) in parade uniform with sash. Original KAB.

The officers' sashes consisted of a silver band woven through three times with equally wide red stripes. The tassels were made of two rows of silver cover-fringes and one row of red-silver filler-fringes.

Captain from the Infantry Regiment Prinz Carl (4th Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 118 (Worms) in overcoat with helmet. Photographer: August Müller/ Worms am Rhein. Photo taken 1900.
Captain from the Infantry Regiment Prinz Carl (4th Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 118 (Worms) in overcoat with helmet. Photographer: August Müller/ Worms am Rhein. Photo taken 1900.

On the Pickelhaube the fluted spike rested on a trefoil mount.

Hessian officers during a field exercise. Contemporary photo.
Hessian officers during a field exercise. Contemporary photo.
One-year volunteer as non-commissioned officer from the Infantry Regiment Prinz Carl (4th Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 118 (Worms) in dress uniform. Photographer: Paul Blumberger/ Worms. Photo taken before 1897.
One-year volunteer as non-commissioned officer from the Infantry Regiment Prinz Carl (4th Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 118 (Worms) in dress uniform. Photographer: Paul Blumberger/ Worms. Photo taken before 1897.
Soldier from the Infantry Regiment Kaiser-Wilhelm (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 116 (Gießen) in tunic. Photographer: W. Becker/ Giessen. The distinctive (red) regimental name with crown on the white shoulder straps is clearly visible.
Soldier from the Infantry Regiment Kaiser-Wilhelm (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 116 (Gießen) in tunic. Photographer: W. Becker/ Giessen. The distinctive (red) regimental name with crown on the white shoulder straps is clearly visible.
Soldier from the Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 116 (Gießen) with parade helmet. Original cdv. The waist belt buckle made of brass displayed a pronounced crown.
Soldier from the Infantry Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 116 (Gießen) with parade helmet. Original cdv. The waist belt buckle made of brass displayed a pronounced crown.
Hoboe players from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original early KAB. Photographer: Wilh. Pöllot/ Darmstadt. Di
Hoboe players from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt). Original early KAB. Photographer: Wilh. Pöllot/ Darmstadt. Di

The Hessian musicians and oboists were equipped like those of the Prussian guard regiments. However, the drum ornament was a circular lion's head. A Hessian lion was also present on the bell of the signal horn.

Musician from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) in tunic with swallow nests. Original cdv.
Musician from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) in tunic with swallow nests. Original cdv.
Hessian guardsmen from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) with regimental standard. Original photographic card.
Hessian guardsmen from the Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 (Darmstadt) with regimental standard. Original photographic card.
Hessian band. Original photographic card from the year 1911.
Hessian band. Original photographic card from the year 1911.